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//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="EnglishPluralizationService.cs" company="Microsoft">
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
//
// @owner Microsoft
// @backupOwner Microsoft
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Data.Entity.Design.Common;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace System.Data.Entity.Design.PluralizationServices
{
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1704:IdentifiersShouldBeSpelledCorrectly", MessageId = "Pluralization")]
internal class EnglishPluralizationService : PluralizationService, ICustomPluralizationMapping
{
private BidirectionalDictionary<string, string> _userDictionary;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _irregularPluralsPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _oSuffixPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _classicalInflectionPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _irregularVerbPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _wordsEndingWithSePluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _wordsEndingWithSisPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _wordsEndingWithSusPluralizationService;
private StringBidirectionalDictionary _wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService;
private List<string> _knownSingluarWords;
private List<string> _knownPluralWords;
private string[] _uninflectiveSuffixList =
new string[] { "fish", "ois", "sheep", "deer", "pos", "itis", "ism" };
private string[] _uninflectiveWordList =
new string[] {
"bison", "flounder", "pliers", "bream", "gallows", "proceedings",
"breeches", "graffiti", "rabies", "britches", "headquarters", "salmon",
"carp", "----", "scissors", "ch----is", "high-jinks", "sea-bass",
"clippers", "homework", "series", "cod", "innings", "shears", "contretemps",
"jackanapes", "species", "corps", "mackerel", "swine", "debris", "measles",
"trout", "diabetes", "mews", "tuna", "djinn", "mumps", "whiting", "eland",
"news", "wildebeest", "elk", "pincers", "police", "hair", "ice", "chaos",
"milk", "cotton", "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis",
"information", "aircraft", "scabies", "traffic", "corn", "millet", "rice",
"hay", "----", "tobacco", "cabbage", "okra", "broccoli", "asparagus",
"lettuce", "beef", "pork", "venison", "mutton", "cattle", "offspring",
"molasses", "shambles", "shingles"};
private Dictionary<string, string> _irregularVerbList =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"am", "are"}, {"are", "are"}, {"is", "are"}, {"was", "were"}, {"were", "were"},
{"has", "have"}, {"have", "have"}
};
private List<string> _pronounList =
new List<string>()
{
"I", "we", "you", "he", "she", "they", "it",
"me", "us", "him", "her", "them",
"myself", "ourselves", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself",
"oneself", "oneselves",
"my", "our", "your", "his", "their", "its",
"mine", "yours", "hers", "theirs", "this", "that", "these", "those",
"all", "another", "any", "anybody", "anyone", "anything", "both", "each",
"other", "either", "everyone", "everybody", "everything", "most", "much", "nothing",
"nobody", "none", "one", "others", "some", "somebody", "someone", "something",
"what", "whatever", "which", "whichever", "who", "whoever", "whom", "whomever",
"whose",
};
private Dictionary<string, string> _irregularPluralsDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"brother", "brothers"}, {"child", "children"},
{"cow", "cows"}, {"ephemeris", "ephemerides"}, {"genie", "genies"},
{"money", "moneys"}, {"mongoose", "mongooses"}, {"mythos", "mythoi"},
{"octopus", "octopuses"}, {"ox", "oxen"}, {"soliloquy", "soliloquies"},
{"trilby", "trilbys"}, {"crisis", "crises"}, {"synopsis","synopses"},
{"rose", "roses"}, {"gas","gases"}, {"bus", "buses"},
{"axis", "axes"},{"memo", "memos"}, {"casino","casinos"},
{"silo", "silos"},{"stereo", "stereos"}, {"studio","studios"},
{"lens", "lenses"}, {"alias","aliases"},
{"pie","pies"}, {"corpus","corpora"},
{"viscus", "viscera"},{"hippopotamus", "hippopotami"}, {"trace", "traces"},
{"person", "people"}, {"chili", "chilies"}, {"analysis", "analyses"},
{"basis", "bases"}, {"neurosis", "neuroses"}, {"oasis", "oases"},
{"synthesis", "syntheses"}, {"thesis", "theses"}, {"change", "changes"},
{"lie", "lies"}, {"calorie", "calories"}, {"freebie", "freebies"}, {"case", "cases"},
{"house", "houses"}, {"valve", "valves"}, {"cloth", "clothes"}, {"tie", "ties"},
{"movie", "movies"}, {"bonus", "bonuses"}, {"specimen", "specimens"}
};
Dictionary<string, string> _assimilatedClassicalInflectionDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"alumna", "alumnae"}, {"alga", "algae"}, {"vertebra", "vertebrae"},
{"codex", "codices"},
{"murex", "murices"}, {"silex", "silices"}, {"aphelion", "aphelia"},
{"hyperbaton", "hyperbata"}, {"perihelion", "perihelia"},
{"asyndeton", "asyndeta"}, {"noumenon", "noumena"},
{"phenomenon", "phenomena"}, {"criterion", "criteria"}, {"organon", "organa"},
{"prolegomenon", "prolegomena"}, {"agendum", "agenda"}, {"datum", "data"},
{"extremum", "extrema"}, {"bacterium", "bacteria"}, {"desideratum", "desiderata"},
{"stratum", "strata"}, {"candelabrum", "candelabra"}, {"erratum", "errata"},
{"ovum", "ova"}, {"forum", "fora"}, {"addendum", "addenda"}, {"stadium", "stadia"},
{"automaton", "automata"}, {"polyhedron", "polyhedra"},
};
Dictionary<string, string> _oSuffixDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"albino", "albinos"}, {"generalissimo", "generalissimos"},
{"manifesto", "manifestos"}, {"archipelago", "archipelagos"},
{"ghetto", "ghettos"}, {"medico", "medicos"}, {"armadillo", "armadillos"},
{"guano", "guanos"}, {"octavo", "octavos"}, {"commando", "commandos"},
{"inferno", "infernos"}, {"photo", "photos"}, {"ditto", "dittos"},
{"jumbo", "jumbos"}, {"pro", "pros"}, {"dynamo", "dynamos"},
{"lingo", "lingos"}, {"quarto", "quartos"}, {"embryo", "embryos"},
{"lumbago", "lumbagos"}, {"rhino", "rhinos"}, {"fiasco", "fiascos"},
{"magneto", "magnetos"}, {"stylo", "stylos"}
};
Dictionary<string, string> _classicalInflectionDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"stamen", "stamina"}, {"foramen", "foramina"}, {"lumen", "lumina"},
{"anathema", "anathemata"}, {"----", "----ta"}, {"oedema", "oedemata"},
{"bema", "bemata"}, {"enigma", "enigmata"}, {"sarcoma", "sarcomata"},
{"carcinoma", "carcinomata"}, {"gumma", "gummata"}, {"schema", "schemata"},
{"charisma", "charismata"}, {"lemma", "lemmata"}, {"soma", "somata"},
{"diploma", "diplomata"}, {"lymphoma", "lymphomata"}, {"stigma", "stigmata"},
{"dogma", "dogmata"}, {"magma", "magmata"}, {"stoma", "stomata"},
{"drama", "dramata"}, {"melisma", "melismata"}, {"trauma", "traumata"},
{"edema", "edemata"}, {"miasma", "miasmata"}, {"abscissa", "abscissae"},
{"formula", "formulae"}, {"medusa", "medusae"}, {"amoeba", "amoebae"},
{"hydra", "hydrae"}, {"nebula", "nebulae"}, {"antenna", "antennae"},
{"hyperbola", "hyperbolae"}, {"nova", "novae"}, {"aurora", "aurorae"},
{"lacuna", "lacunae"}, {"parabola", "parabolae"}, {"apex", "apices"},
{"latex", "latices"}, {"vertex", "vertices"}, {"cortex", "cortices"},
{"pontifex", "pontifices"}, {"vortex", "vortices"}, {"index", "indices"},
{"simplex", "simplices"}, {"iris", "irides"}, {"----oris", "----orides"},
{"alto", "alti"}, {"contralto", "contralti"}, {"soprano", "soprani"},
{"b----o", "b----i"}, {"crescendo", "crescendi"}, {"tempo", "tempi"},
{"canto", "canti"}, {"solo", "soli"}, {"aquarium", "aquaria"},
{"interregnum", "interregna"}, {"quantum", "quanta"},
{"compendium", "compendia"}, {"lustrum", "lustra"}, {"rostrum", "rostra"},
{"consortium", "consortia"}, {"maximum", "maxima"}, {"spectrum", "spectra"},
{"cranium", "crania"}, {"medium", "media"}, {"speculum", "specula"},
{"curriculum", "curricula"}, {"memorandum", "memoranda"}, {"stadium", "stadia"},
{"dictum", "dicta"}, {"millenium", "millenia"}, {"t----zium", "t----zia"},
{"emporium", "emporia"}, {"minimum", "minima"}, {"ultimatum", "ultimata"},
{"enconium", "enconia"}, {"momentum", "momenta"}, {"vacuum", "vacua"},
{"gymnasium", "gymnasia"}, {"optimum", "optima"}, {"velum", "vela"},
{"honorarium", "honoraria"}, {"phylum", "phyla"}, {"focus", "foci"},
{"nimbus", "nimbi"}, {"succubus", "succubi"}, {"fungus", "fungi"},
{"nucleolus", "nucleoli"}, {"torus", "tori"}, {"genius", "genii"},
{"radius", "radii"}, {"umbilicus", "umbilici"}, {"incubus", "incubi"},
{"stylus", "styli"}, {"uterus", "uteri"}, {"stimulus", "stimuli"}, {"apparatus", "apparatus"},
{"impetus", "impetus"}, {"prospectus", "prospectus"}, {"cantus", "cantus"},
{"nexus", "nexus"}, {"sinus", "sinus"}, {"coitus", "coitus"}, {"plexus", "plexus"},
{"status", "status"}, {"hiatus", "hiatus"}, {"afreet", "afreeti"},
{"afrit", "afriti"}, {"efreet", "efreeti"}, {"cherub", "cherubim"},
{"goy", "goyim"}, {"seraph", "seraphim"}, {"alumnus", "alumni"}
};
// this list contains all the plural words that being treated as singluar form, for example, "they" -> "they"
private List<string> _knownConflictingPluralList =
new List<string>()
{
"they", "them", "their", "have", "were", "yourself", "are"
};
// this list contains the words ending with "se" and we special case these words since
// we need to add a rule for "ses" singularize to "s"
private Dictionary<string, string> _wordsEndingWithSeDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"house", "houses"}, {"case", "cases"}, {"enterprise", "enterprises"},
{"purchase", "purchases"}, {"surprise", "surprises"}, {"release", "releases"},
{"disease", "diseases"}, {"promise", "promises"}, {"refuse", "refuses"},
{"whose", "whoses"}, {"phase", "phases"}, {"noise", "noises"},
{"nurse", "nurses"}, {"rose", "roses"}, {"franchise", "franchises"},
{"supervise", "supervises"}, {"farmhouse", "farmhouses"},
{"suitcase", "suitcases"}, {"recourse", "recourses"}, {"impulse", "impulses"},
{"license", "licenses"}, {"diocese", "dioceses"}, {"excise", "excises"},
{"demise", "demises"}, {"blouse", "blouses"},
{"bruise", "bruises"}, {"misuse", "misuses"}, {"curse", "curses"},
{"prose", "proses"}, {"purse", "purses"}, {"goose", "gooses"},
{"tease", "teases"}, {"poise", "poises"}, {"vase", "vases"},
{"fuse", "fuses"}, {"muse", "muses"},
{"slaughterhouse", "slaughterhouses"}, {"clearinghouse", "clearinghouses"},
{"endonuclease", "endonucleases"}, {"steeplechase", "steeplechases"},
{"metamorphose", "metamorphoses"}, {"----", "----s"},
{"commonsense", "commonsenses"}, {"intersperse", "intersperses"},
{"merchandise", "merchandises"}, {"phosphatase", "phosphatases"},
{"summerhouse", "summerhouses"}, {"watercourse", "watercourses"},
{"catchphrase", "catchphrases"}, {"compromise", "compromises"},
{"greenhouse", "greenhouses"}, {"lighthouse", "lighthouses"},
{"paraphrase", "paraphrases"}, {"mayonnaise", "mayonnaises"},
{"----course", "----courses"}, {"apocalypse", "apocalypses"},
{"courthouse", "courthouses"}, {"powerhouse", "powerhouses"},
{"storehouse", "storehouses"}, {"glasshouse", "glasshouses"},
{"hypotenuse", "hypotenuses"}, {"peroxidase", "peroxidases"},
{"pillowcase", "pillowcases"}, {"roundhouse", "roundhouses"},
{"streetwise", "streetwises"}, {"expertise", "expertises"},
{"discourse", "discourses"}, {"warehouse", "warehouses"},
{"staircase", "staircases"}, {"workhouse", "workhouses"},
{"briefcase", "briefcases"}, {"clubhouse", "clubhouses"},
{"clockwise", "clockwises"}, {"concourse", "concourses"},
{"playhouse", "playhouses"}, {"turquoise", "turquoises"},
{"boathouse", "boathouses"}, {"cellulose", "celluloses"},
{"epitomise", "epitomises"}, {"gatehouse", "gatehouses"},
{"grandiose", "grandioses"}, {"menopause", "menopauses"},
{"penthouse", "penthouses"}, {"----horse", "----horses"},
{"transpose", "transposes"}, {"almshouse", "almshouses"},
{"customise", "customises"}, {"footloose", "footlooses"},
{"galvanise", "galvanises"}, {"princesse", "princesses"},
{"universe", "universes"}, {"workhorse", "workhorses"}
};
private Dictionary<string, string> _wordsEndingWithSisDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"analysis", "analyses"}, {"crisis", "crises"}, {"basis", "bases"},
{"atherosclerosis", "atheroscleroses"}, {"electrophoresis", "electrophoreses"},
{"psychoanalysis", "psychoanalyses"}, {"photosynthesis", "photosyntheses"},
{"amniocentesis", "amniocenteses"}, {"metamorphosis", "metamorphoses"},
{"toxoplasmosis", "toxoplasmoses"}, {"endometriosis", "endometrioses"},
{"tuberculosis", "tuberculoses"}, {"pathogenesis", "pathogeneses"},
{"osteoporosis", "osteoporoses"}, {"parenthesis", "parentheses"},
{"anastomosis", "anastomoses"}, {"peristalsis", "peristalses"},
{"hypothesis", "hypotheses"}, {"antithesis", "antitheses"},
{"apotheosis", "apotheoses"}, {"thrombosis", "thromboses"},
{"diagnosis", "diagnoses"}, {"synthesis", "syntheses"},
{"paralysis", "paralyses"}, {"prognosis", "prognoses"},
{"cirrhosis", "cirrhoses"}, {"sclerosis", "scleroses"},
{"psychosis", "psychoses"}, {"apoptosis", "apoptoses"}, {"symbiosis", "symbioses"}
};
private Dictionary<string, string> _wordsEndingWithSusDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"consensus","consensuses"}, {"census", "censuses"}
};
private Dictionary<string, string> _wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxDictionary =
new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"sphinx", "sphinxes"},
{"larynx", "larynges"}, {"lynx", "lynxes"}, {"pharynx", "pharynxes"},
{"phalanx", "phalanxes"}
};
internal EnglishPluralizationService()
{
this.Culture = new CultureInfo("en");
this._userDictionary = new BidirectionalDictionary<string, string>();
this._irregularPluralsPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._irregularPluralsDictionary);
this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionDictionary);
this._oSuffixPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._oSuffixDictionary);
this._classicalInflectionPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._classicalInflectionDictionary);
this._wordsEndingWithSePluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._wordsEndingWithSeDictionary);
this._wordsEndingWithSisPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._wordsEndingWithSisDictionary);
this._wordsEndingWithSusPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._wordsEndingWithSusDictionary);
this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxDictionary);
// verb
this._irregularVerbPluralizationService =
new StringBidirectionalDictionary(this._irregularVerbList);
this._knownSingluarWords = new List<string>(
_irregularPluralsDictionary.Keys
.Concat(_assimilatedClassicalInflectionDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_oSuffixDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_classicalInflectionDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_irregularVerbList.Keys)
.Concat(_irregularPluralsDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSeDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSisDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSusDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxDictionary.Keys)
.Concat(_uninflectiveWordList)
.Except(this._knownConflictingPluralList)); // see the _knowConflictingPluralList comment above
this._knownPluralWords = new List<string>(
_irregularPluralsDictionary.Values
.Concat(_assimilatedClassicalInflectionDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_oSuffixDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_classicalInflectionDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_irregularVerbList.Values)
.Concat(_irregularPluralsDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSeDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSisDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithSusDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxDictionary.Values)
.Concat(_uninflectiveWordList));
}
public override bool IsPlural(string word)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(word, "word");
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInSecond(word))
{
return true;
}
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInFirst(word))
{
return false;
}
if (this.IsUninflective(word) || this._knownPluralWords.Contains(word.ToLower(this.Culture)))
{
return true;
}
else if (this.Singularize(word).Equals(word))
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
public override bool IsSingular(string word)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(word, "word");
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInFirst(word))
{
return true;
}
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInSecond(word))
{
return false;
}
if (this.IsUninflective(word) || this._knownSingluarWords.Contains(word.ToLower(this.Culture)))
{
return true;
}
else if (!IsNoOpWord(word) && this.Singularize(word).Equals(word))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//
public override string Pluralize(string word)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(word, "word");
return Capitalize(word, InternalPluralize);
}
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1308:NormalizeStringsToUppercase")]
private string InternalPluralize(string word)
{
// words that we know of
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInFirst(word))
{
return this._userDictionary.GetSecondValue(word);
}
if (IsNoOpWord(word))
{
return word;
}
string prefixWord;
string suffixWord = GetSuffixWord(word, out prefixWord);
// by me -> by me
if (IsNoOpWord(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// handle the word that do not inflect in the plural form
if (this.IsUninflective(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// if word is one of the known plural forms, then just return
if (this._knownPluralWords.Contains(suffixWord.ToLowerInvariant()) || this.IsPlural(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// handle irregular plurals, e.g. "ox" -> "oxen"
if (this._irregularPluralsPluralizationService.ExistsInFirst(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._irregularPluralsPluralizationService.GetSecondValue(suffixWord);
}
string newSuffixWord;
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "man" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2) + "en", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// handle irregular inflections for common suffixes, e.g. "mouse" -> "mice"
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "louse", "mouse" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 4, 4) + "ice", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "tooth" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 4, 4) + "eeth", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "goose" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 4, 4) + "eese", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "foot" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "eet", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "zoon" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "oa", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "cis", "sis", "xis" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2) + "es", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// handle assimilated classical inflections, e.g. vertebra -> vertebrae
if (this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService.ExistsInFirst(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService.GetSecondValue(suffixWord);
}
// Handle the classical variants of modern inflections
//
if (this._classicalInflectionPluralizationService.ExistsInFirst(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._classicalInflectionPluralizationService.GetSecondValue(suffixWord);
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "trix" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 1, 1) + "ces", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "eau", "ieu" },
(s) => s + "x", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService.ExistsInFirst(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService.GetSecondValue(suffixWord);
}
// [cs]h and ss that take es as plural form
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord, new List<string>() { "ch", "sh", "ss" }, (s) => s + "es", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// f, fe that take ves as plural form
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "alf", "elf", "olf", "eaf", "arf" },
(s) => s.EndsWith("deaf", true, this.Culture) ? s : s.Remove(s.Length - 1, 1) + "ves", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "nife", "life", "wife" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2) + "ves", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// y takes ys as plural form if preceded by a vowel, but ies if preceded by a consonant, e.g. stays, skies
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ay", "ey", "iy", "oy", "uy" },
(s) => s + "s", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
//
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("y", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord.Remove(suffixWord.Length - 1, 1) + "ies";
}
// handle some of the words o -> os, and [vowel]o -> os, and the rest are o->oes
if (this._oSuffixPluralizationService.ExistsInFirst(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._oSuffixPluralizationService.GetSecondValue(suffixWord);
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ao", "eo", "io", "oo", "uo" },
(s) => s + "s", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("o", true, this.Culture) || suffixWord.EndsWith("s", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord + "es";
}
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("x", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord + "es";
}
// cats, bags, hats, speakers
return prefixWord + suffixWord + "s";
}
public override string Singularize(string word)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(word, "word");
return Capitalize(word, InternalSingularize);
}
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1308:NormalizeStringsToUppercase")]
private string InternalSingularize(string word)
{
// words that we know of
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInSecond(word))
{
return this._userDictionary.GetFirstValue(word);
}
if (IsNoOpWord(word))
{
return word;
}
string prefixWord;
string suffixWord = GetSuffixWord(word, out prefixWord);
if (IsNoOpWord(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// handle the word that is the same as the plural form
if (this.IsUninflective(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// if word is one of the known singular words, then just return
if (this._knownSingluarWords.Contains(suffixWord.ToLowerInvariant()))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
// handle simple irregular verbs, e.g. was -> were
if (this._irregularVerbPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._irregularVerbPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// handle irregular plurals, e.g. "ox" -> "oxen"
if (this._irregularPluralsPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._irregularPluralsPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// handle singluarization for words ending with sis and pluralized to ses,
// e.g. "ses" -> "sis"
if (this._wordsEndingWithSisPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._wordsEndingWithSisPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// handle words ending with se, e.g. "ses" -> "se"
if (this._wordsEndingWithSePluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._wordsEndingWithSePluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// handle words ending with sus, e.g. "suses" -> "sus"
if (this._wordsEndingWithSusPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._wordsEndingWithSusPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
string newSuffixWord;
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "men" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2) + "an", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// handle irregular inflections for common suffixes, e.g. "mouse" -> "mice"
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "lice", "mice" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "ouse", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "teeth" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 4, 4) + "ooth", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "geese" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 4, 4) + "oose", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "feet" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "oot", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "zoa" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2) + "oon", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// [cs]h and ss that take es as plural form, this is being moved up since the sses will be override by the ses
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ches", "shes", "sses" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// handle assimilated classical inflections, e.g. vertebra -> vertebrae
if (this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._assimilatedClassicalInflectionPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// Handle the classical variants of modern inflections
//
if (this._classicalInflectionPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._classicalInflectionPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "trices" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "x", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "eaux", "ieux" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 1, 1), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._wordsEndingWithInxAnxYnxPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
// f, fe that take ves as plural form
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "alves", "elves", "olves", "eaves", "arves" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "f", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "nives", "lives", "wives" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 3, 3) + "fe", this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
// y takes ys as plural form if preceded by a vowel, but ies if preceded by a consonant, e.g. stays, skies
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ays", "eys", "iys", "oys", "uys" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 1, 1), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
//
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("ies", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord.Remove(suffixWord.Length - 3, 3) + "y";
}
// handle some of the words o -> os, and [vowel]o -> os, and the rest are o->oes
if (this._oSuffixPluralizationService.ExistsInSecond(suffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + this._oSuffixPluralizationService.GetFirstValue(suffixWord);
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "aos", "eos", "ios", "oos", "uos" },
(s) => suffixWord.Remove(suffixWord.Length - 1, 1), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
//
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ces" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 1, 1), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.TryInflectOnSuffixInWord(suffixWord,
new List<string>() { "ces", "ses", "xes" },
(s) => s.Remove(s.Length - 2, 2), this.Culture, out newSuffixWord))
{
return prefixWord + newSuffixWord;
}
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("oes", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord.Remove(suffixWord.Length - 2, 2);
}
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("ss", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
if (suffixWord.EndsWith("s", true, this.Culture))
{
return prefixWord + suffixWord.Remove(suffixWord.Length - 1, 1);
}
// word is a singlar
return prefixWord + suffixWord;
}
#region Utils
/// <summary>
/// captalize the return word if the parameter is capitalized
/// if word is "Table", then return "Tables"
/// </summary>
/// <param name="word"></param>
/// <param name="action"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string Capitalize(string word, Func<string, string> action)
{
string result = action(word);
if (IsCapitalized(word))
{
if (result.Length == 0)
return result;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(result.Length);
sb.Append(char.ToUpperInvariant(result[0]));
sb.Append(result.Substring(1));
return sb.ToString();
}
else
{
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// separate one combine word in to two parts, prefix word and the last word(suffix word)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="word"></param>
/// <param name="prefixWord"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string GetSuffixWord(string word, out string prefixWord)
{
// use the last space to separate the words
int lastSpaceIndex = word.LastIndexOf(' ');
prefixWord = word.Substring(0, lastSpaceIndex + 1);
return word.Substring(lastSpaceIndex + 1);
//
}
private bool IsCapitalized(string word)
{
return string.IsNullOrEmpty(word) ? false : char.IsUpper(word, 0);
}
private bool IsAlphabets(string word)
{
// return false when the word is "[\s]*" or leading or tailing with spaces
// or contains non alphabetical characters
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word.Trim()) || !word.Equals(word.Trim()) ||
Regex.IsMatch(word, "[^a-zA-Z\\s]"))
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1308:NormalizeStringsToUppercase")]
private bool IsUninflective(string word)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(word, "word");
if (PluralizationServiceUtil.DoesWordContainSuffix(word, _uninflectiveSuffixList, this.Culture)
|| (!word.ToLower(this.Culture).Equals(word) && word.EndsWith("ese", false, this.Culture))
|| this._uninflectiveWordList.Contains(word.ToLowerInvariant()))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// return true when the word is "[\s]*" or leading or tailing with spaces
/// or contains non alphabetical characters
/// </summary>
/// <param name="word"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1308:NormalizeStringsToUppercase")]
private bool IsNoOpWord(string word)
{
if (!IsAlphabets(word) ||
word.Length <= 1 ||
_pronounList.Contains(word.ToLowerInvariant()))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
#endregion
#region ICustomPluralizationMapping Members
/// <summary>
/// This method allow you to add word to internal PluralizationService of English.
/// If the singluar or the plural value was already added by this method, then an ArgumentException will be thrown.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="singular"></param>
/// <param name="plural"></param>
public void AddWord(string singular, string plural)
{
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(singular, "singular");
EDesignUtil.CheckArgumentNull<string>(plural, "plural");
if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInSecond(plural))
{
throw new ArgumentException(Strings.DuplicateEntryInUserDictionary("plural", plural), "plural");
}
else if (this._userDictionary.ExistsInFirst(singular))
{
throw new ArgumentException(Strings.DuplicateEntryInUserDictionary("singular", singular), "singular");
}
else
{
this._userDictionary.AddValue(singular, plural);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
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