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/* ****************************************************************************
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
*
* This source code is subject to terms and conditions of the Apache License, Version 2.0. A
* copy of the license can be found in the License.html file at the root of this distribution. If
* you cannot locate the Apache License, Version 2.0, please send an email to
* dlr@microsoft.com. By using this source code in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound
* by the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0.
*
* You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.
*
*
* ***************************************************************************/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.Dynamic.Utils;
#if SILVERLIGHT
using System.Core;
#endif
#if CLR2
namespace Microsoft.Scripting.Ast.Compiler {
#else
namespace System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler {
#endif
internal enum VariableStorageKind {
Local,
Hoisted
}
/// <summary>
/// CompilerScope is the data structure which the Compiler keeps information
/// related to compiling scopes. It stores the following information:
/// 1. Parent relationship (for resolving variables)
/// 2. Information about hoisted variables
/// 3. Information for resolving closures
///
/// Instances are produced by VariableBinder, which does a tree walk
/// looking for scope nodes: LambdaExpression and BlockExpression.
/// </summary>
internal sealed partial class CompilerScope {
/// <summary>
/// parent scope, if any
/// </summary>
private CompilerScope _parent;
/// <summary>
/// The expression node for this scope
/// Can be LambdaExpression, BlockExpression, or CatchBlock
/// </summary>
internal readonly object Node;
/// <summary>
/// True if this node corresponds to an IL method.
/// Can only be true if the Node is a LambdaExpression.
/// But inlined lambdas will have it set to false.
/// </summary>
internal readonly bool IsMethod;
/// <summary>
/// Does this scope (or any inner scope) close over variables from any
/// parent scope?
/// Populated by VariableBinder
/// </summary>
internal bool NeedsClosure;
/// <summary>
/// Variables defined in this scope, and whether they're hoisted or not
/// Populated by VariableBinder
/// </summary>
internal readonly Dictionary<ParameterExpression, VariableStorageKind> Definitions = new Dictionary<ParameterExpression, VariableStorageKind>();
/// <summary>
/// Each variable referenced within this scope, and how often it was referenced
/// Populated by VariableBinder
/// </summary>
internal Dictionary<ParameterExpression, int> ReferenceCount;
/// <summary>
/// Scopes whose variables were merged into this one
///
/// Created lazily as we create hundreds of compiler scopes w/o merging scopes when compiling rules.
/// </summary>
internal Set<object> MergedScopes;
/// <summary>
/// The scope's hoisted locals, if any.
/// Provides storage for variables that are referenced from nested lambdas
/// </summary>
private HoistedLocals _hoistedLocals;
/// <summary>
/// The closed over hoisted locals
/// </summary>
private HoistedLocals _closureHoistedLocals;
/// <summary>
/// Mutable dictionary that maps non-hoisted variables to either local
/// slots or argument slots
/// </summary>
private readonly Dictionary<ParameterExpression, Storage> _locals = new Dictionary<ParameterExpression, Storage>();
internal CompilerScope(object node, bool isMethod) {
Node = node;
IsMethod = isMethod;
var variables = GetVariables(node);
Definitions = new Dictionary<ParameterExpression, VariableStorageKind>(variables.Count);
foreach (var v in variables) {
Definitions.Add(v, VariableStorageKind.Local);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This scope's hoisted locals, or the closed over locals, if any
/// Equivalent to: _hoistedLocals ?? _closureHoistedLocals
/// </summary>
internal HoistedLocals NearestHoistedLocals {
get { return _hoistedLocals ?? _closureHoistedLocals; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Called when entering a lambda/block. Performs all variable allocation
/// needed, including creating hoisted locals and IL locals for accessing
/// parent locals
/// </summary>
internal CompilerScope Enter(LambdaCompiler lc, CompilerScope parent) {
SetParent(lc, parent);
AllocateLocals(lc);
if (IsMethod && _closureHoistedLocals != null) {
EmitClosureAccess(lc, _closureHoistedLocals);
}
EmitNewHoistedLocals(lc);
if (IsMethod) {
EmitCachedVariables();
}
return this;
}
/// <summary>
/// Frees unnamed locals, clears state associated with this compiler
/// </summary>
internal CompilerScope Exit() {
// free scope's variables
if (!IsMethod) {
foreach (Storage storage in _locals.Values) {
storage.FreeLocal();
}
}
// Clear state that is associated with this parent
// (because the scope can be reused in another context)
CompilerScope parent = _parent;
_parent = null;
_hoistedLocals = null;
_closureHoistedLocals = null;
_locals.Clear();
return parent;
}
#region LocalScopeExpression support
internal void EmitVariableAccess(LambdaCompiler lc, ReadOnlyCollection<ParameterExpression> vars) {
if (NearestHoistedLocals != null) {
// Find what array each variable is on & its index
var indexes = new List<long>(vars.Count);
foreach (var variable in vars) {
// For each variable, find what array it's defined on
ulong parents = 0;
HoistedLocals locals = NearestHoistedLocals;
while (!locals.Indexes.ContainsKey(variable)) {
parents++;
locals = locals.Parent;
Debug.Assert(locals != null);
}
// combine the number of parents we walked, with the
// real index of variable to get the index to emit.
ulong index = (parents << 32) | (uint)locals.Indexes[variable];
indexes.Add((long)index);
}
if (indexes.Count > 0) {
EmitGet(NearestHoistedLocals.SelfVariable);
lc.EmitConstantArray(indexes.ToArray());
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(RuntimeOps).GetMethod("CreateRuntimeVariables", new[] { typeof(object[]), typeof(long[]) }));
return;
}
}
// No visible variables
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(RuntimeOps).GetMethod("CreateRuntimeVariables", Type.EmptyTypes));
return;
}
#endregion
#region Variable access
/// <summary>
/// Adds a new virtual variable corresponding to an IL local
/// </summary>
internal void AddLocal(LambdaCompiler gen, ParameterExpression variable) {
_locals.Add(variable, new LocalStorage(gen, variable));
}
internal void EmitGet(ParameterExpression variable) {
ResolveVariable(variable).EmitLoad();
}
internal void EmitSet(ParameterExpression variable) {
ResolveVariable(variable).EmitStore();
}
internal void EmitAddressOf(ParameterExpression variable) {
ResolveVariable(variable).EmitAddress();
}
private Storage ResolveVariable(ParameterExpression variable) {
return ResolveVariable(variable, NearestHoistedLocals);
}
/// <summary>
/// Resolve a local variable in this scope or a closed over scope
/// Throws if the variable is defined
/// </summary>
private Storage ResolveVariable(ParameterExpression variable, HoistedLocals hoistedLocals) {
// Search IL locals and arguments, but only in this lambda
for (CompilerScope s = this; s != null; s = s._parent) {
Storage storage;
if (s._locals.TryGetValue(variable, out storage)) {
return storage;
}
// if this is a lambda, we're done
if (s.IsMethod) {
break;
}
}
// search hoisted locals
for (HoistedLocals h = hoistedLocals; h != null; h = h.Parent) {
int index;
if (h.Indexes.TryGetValue(variable, out index)) {
return new ElementBoxStorage(
ResolveVariable(h.SelfVariable, hoistedLocals),
index,
variable
);
}
}
//
// If this is an unbound variable in the lambda, the error will be
// thrown from VariableBinder. So an error here is generally caused
// by an internal error, e.g. a scope was created but it bypassed
// VariableBinder.
//
throw Error.UndefinedVariable(variable.Name, variable.Type, CurrentLambdaName);
}
#endregion
private void SetParent(LambdaCompiler lc, CompilerScope parent) {
Debug.Assert(_parent == null && parent != this);
_parent = parent;
if (NeedsClosure && _parent != null) {
_closureHoistedLocals = _parent.NearestHoistedLocals;
}
var hoistedVars = GetVariables().Where(p => Definitions[p] == VariableStorageKind.Hoisted).ToReadOnly();
if (hoistedVars.Count > 0) {
_hoistedLocals = new HoistedLocals(_closureHoistedLocals, hoistedVars);
AddLocal(lc, _hoistedLocals.SelfVariable);
}
}
// Emits creation of the hoisted local storage
private void EmitNewHoistedLocals(LambdaCompiler lc) {
if (_hoistedLocals == null) {
return;
}
// create the array
lc.IL.EmitInt(_hoistedLocals.Variables.Count);
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, typeof(object));
// initialize all elements
int i = 0;
foreach (ParameterExpression v in _hoistedLocals.Variables) {
// array[i] = new StrongBox<T>(...);
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
lc.IL.EmitInt(i++);
Type boxType = typeof(StrongBox<>).MakeGenericType(v.Type);
if (IsMethod && lc.Parameters.Contains(v)) {
// array[i] = new StrongBox<T>(argument);
int index = lc.Parameters.IndexOf(v);
lc.EmitLambdaArgument(index);
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, boxType.GetConstructor(new Type[] { v.Type }));
} else if (v == _hoistedLocals.ParentVariable) {
// array[i] = new StrongBox<T>(closure.Locals);
ResolveVariable(v, _closureHoistedLocals).EmitLoad();
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, boxType.GetConstructor(new Type[] { v.Type }));
} else {
#if CLR2
// array[i] = new StrongBox<T>(default(T));
lc.IL.EmitDefault(v.Type);
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, boxType.GetConstructor(new Type[] { v.Type }));
#else
// array[i] = new StrongBox<T>();
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, boxType.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes));
#endif
}
// if we want to cache this into a local, do it now
if (ShouldCache(v)) {
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
CacheBoxToLocal(lc, v);
}
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
}
// store it
EmitSet(_hoistedLocals.SelfVariable);
}
// If hoisted variables are referenced "enough", we cache the
// StrongBox<T> in an IL local, which saves an array index and a cast
// when we go to look it up later
private void EmitCachedVariables() {
if (ReferenceCount == null) {
return;
}
foreach (var refCount in ReferenceCount) {
if (ShouldCache(refCount.Key, refCount.Value)) {
var storage = ResolveVariable(refCount.Key) as ElementBoxStorage;
if (storage != null) {
storage.EmitLoadBox();
CacheBoxToLocal(storage.Compiler, refCount.Key);
}
}
}
}
private bool ShouldCache(ParameterExpression v, int refCount) {
// This caching is too aggressive in the face of conditionals and
// switch. Also, it is too conservative for variables used inside
// of loops.
return refCount > 2 && !_locals.ContainsKey(v);
}
private bool ShouldCache(ParameterExpression v) {
if (ReferenceCount == null) {
return false;
}
int refCount;
return ReferenceCount.TryGetValue(v, out refCount) && ShouldCache(v, refCount);
}
private void CacheBoxToLocal(LambdaCompiler lc, ParameterExpression v) {
Debug.Assert(ShouldCache(v) && !_locals.ContainsKey(v));
var local = new LocalBoxStorage(lc, v);
local.EmitStoreBox();
_locals.Add(v, local);
}
// Creates IL locals for accessing closures
private void EmitClosureAccess(LambdaCompiler lc, HoistedLocals locals) {
if (locals == null) {
return;
}
EmitClosureToVariable(lc, locals);
while ((locals = locals.Parent) != null) {
var v = locals.SelfVariable;
var local = new LocalStorage(lc, v);
local.EmitStore(ResolveVariable(v));
_locals.Add(v, local);
}
}
private void EmitClosureToVariable(LambdaCompiler lc, HoistedLocals locals) {
lc.EmitClosureArgument();
lc.IL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, typeof(Closure).GetField("Locals"));
AddLocal(lc, locals.SelfVariable);
EmitSet(locals.SelfVariable);
}
// Allocates slots for IL locals or IL arguments
private void AllocateLocals(LambdaCompiler lc) {
foreach (ParameterExpression v in GetVariables()) {
if (Definitions[v] == VariableStorageKind.Local) {
//
// If v is in lc.Parameters, it is a parameter.
// Otherwise, it is a local variable.
//
// Also, for inlined lambdas we'll create a local, which
// is possibly a byref local if the parameter is byref.
//
Storage s;
if (IsMethod && lc.Parameters.Contains(v)) {
s = new ArgumentStorage(lc, v);
} else {
s = new LocalStorage(lc, v);
}
_locals.Add(v, s);
}
}
}
private IList<ParameterExpression> GetVariables() {
var vars = GetVariables(Node);
if (MergedScopes == null) {
return vars;
}
var list = new List<ParameterExpression>(vars);
foreach (var scope in MergedScopes) {
list.AddRange(GetVariables(scope));
}
return list;
}
private static IList<ParameterExpression> GetVariables(object scope) {
var lambda = scope as LambdaExpression;
if (lambda != null) {
return lambda.Parameters;
}
var block = scope as BlockExpression;
if (block != null) {
return block.Variables;
}
return new[] { ((CatchBlock)scope).Variable };
}
private string CurrentLambdaName {
get {
CompilerScope s = this;
while (true) {
var lambda = s.Node as LambdaExpression;
if (lambda != null) {
return lambda.Name;
}
}
}
}
}
}
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